Dogs do as well as state-of-the-art screening tests at sniffing out people with lung or breast cancer, according to a study conducted at the Florida State University Sensory Research Institute.
The research, published in NewScientist.com, raises the possibility that trained dogs could detect cancers even earlier and might some day supplement or even replace mammograms and CT scans in the laboratory.
The work is convincing, says James C. Walker, director of the institute. He says that the next step is to see if dogs are really detecting cancer, or if they might be sensing a more general disease symptom, such as one that comes from inflammation.
Walker says he would like, eventually, to see a long, large-scale trial designed to test whether dogs can detect cancer even earlier than standard screening tests.
Two previous studies have shown that dogs seem to be able to sniff out melanomas and bladder cancer.
The idea is not outrageous. Cancer patients have been shown to have traces of chemicals -- like alkanes and benzene derivatives -- in their breath, and other studies have shown dogs can detect chemicals in concentrations as small as a few parts per trillion.
Ini the Florida study, researchers selected several dogs with no previous training, trained them using breath samples that had been exhaled into tubes by cancer patients, and tested their ability to detect cancer.
The researchers had the dogs attempt to distinguish among 55 lung cancer patients, 31 breast cancer patients, and 83 healthy controls.
The dogs correctly detected 99 percent of the lung cancer samples, and made a mistake with only 1 percent of the healthy controls.
With breast cancer, they correctly detected 88 percent of the positive samples, and made a mistake on only 2 percent of the controls.
